- φάλαγξ
- φάλαγξ [pron. full] [φᾰ], αγγος, ἡ, (v. sub fin.)A line of battle, battle-array, Hom. only in Il., once in sg.,
Τρώων ῥῆξε φάλαγγα Il.6.6
: elsewh. pl.the ranks of an army in battle,Δαναοὶ ῥήξαντο φάλαγγας 11.90
;φάλαγγες ἀνδρῶν 19.158
, Hes. Th.935;τῶν κάτω Διὸς φαλάγγων S.Ichn.
(lyr.) in PTeb. 692 iii 10.2 heavy infantry ([etym.] ὁπλῖται) in battle-order, X.An.1.8.17, al.; ἡ φ. τῶν ὁπλιτῶν ib.6.5.27, cf. D.9.49; opp. πελτασταί, X.An.6.5.25; opp. ἱππεῖς, Id.Cyr.6.3.2, Ages.2.9;τοὺς ἱππεῖς πρὸ τῆς φ. ἔστησαν D.S.20.10
, cf. Plu.Crass.23; butοἱ Ἕλληνες ἱππεῖς ὥσπερ φ. ἐπὶ τεττάρων παρατεταγμένοι X.HG3.4.13
: esp. line of battle, opp. κέρας (column in marching order), ἐπὶ φάλαγγος ἄγειν, opp. κατὰ κέρας or ἐπὶ κέρως ἄγειν, Id.Cyr.1.6.43; of ships, Id.HG6.2.30; ἐκ κέρατος εἰς φ. καταστῆσαι to form from column into line, Id.Cyr.8.5.15;παρ' ἀσπίδα παραγαγόντας τὴν ἐνωμοτίαν ἐπὶ φάλαγγος Id.An.4.3.26
;ἐπὶ φάλαγγος καθίστασθαι Id.Cyr.6.3.21
, cf. An.6.5.7,25.b main body, centre, opp. the wings ([etym.] κέρατα), Id.Cyr.7.1.6, al.c camp, εἴσω, ἔξω φάλαγγος, Id.Ages.2.15. Lac.12.3, cf. Eq.8.12.3 esp. of the Macedonian phalanx, Plb.18.29sqq., etc.4 in writers on Tactics:a corps of 16384 ὁπλῖται, Ascl.Tact.2.7, Ael.Tact.8.3.c contingent of 64 chariots ( = two κέρατα), Ascl. Tact.8, Ael.Tact.22.2.d contingent of 64 elephants, ib.23.5 metaph.,λοπάδων παρατεταγμένη φ. Diph.44.3
; of a band of pupils, Lib.Ep.145.1; of a governor's staff (Lat. officium), Id.Or.46.11.II round piece of wood, trunk, log,φάλαγγες ἐβένου Hdt.3.97
;ἐκ κοτίνοιο φ. A.R.2.843
;φ. πύξιναι IG11(2).287
B145 (Delos, iii B. C.).2 pl., rollers for moving heavy loads, A.R.1.375sq., Orph. A.270: sg., Phryn.PSp.124B.3 arm of a balance, Arist.Mech. 849b36; arm of the Danish steelyard, ib.853b25.III = φάραγξ, BGU 282.18 (ii A. D.).IV bone between two joints of the fingers and toes, Arist.HA493b29; pl., Ruf.Onom.84 (but metacarpals, [Ruf.] Oss. 22).2 row of eyelashes, Paul.Aeg.6.8.V = φαλάγγιον 1, Ar. V.1509, Ra.1314 (lyr.), Pl.Com.22, X.Mem.3.11.6: masc. in Arist. HA609a5. (The orig. sense was prob. log, cf. OHG balcho 'beam', Lat. sufflamen (for sub-flag-men) 'brake'.)
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό). 2014.